طراحی به کمک کامپیوتر به منظور افزایش ایمنی و کاهش هزینه

سیستم های اعلام حریق و نشت گاز باید نقش مهمی در پیشگیری ازضررهای مالی و جانی در بسیاری از صنایع نفت و گاز ایفا نمایند.ارزیابی های ایمنی رسمی مانند ارزیابی های ریسک کیفی(Quantified Risk Assessments)  اغلب فرض می کنند که سیستم های اعلام حریق و نشت گاز خطرات را کاهش می دهند. در عین حال طراحی آنها اغلب یک «هنر سیاه» است. در اکثر موارد کمی کردن (Quantify)  پارامترهای موجود دشوار است.

Using highly developed assessments methods together with our custom software the FDA (Flame Detection Assessment), GDA ( Gas Detection Assessment) and HDA (Heat Detection Assessment) packages Micropack are able to review and assess arrangements from initial designs through construction and onto existing installations. The assessments are used to optimize and validate designs and maybe used in formal safety studies.

This guide has been prepared in order to define the methodology used for the completion of a fire and gas review, at both onshore and offshore sites. The methods will vary dependent on if it is an existing facility or a design review for a new facility.

Flame Detection Coverage Assessment

Flame Detection Coverage Assessment Flame Detection Coverage can be assessed using Micropack’s proprietary software based mapping tool (FDA). The input requirements for this tool are Performance Targets, Detector Layouts and details of the detector types all obtained previously. The detectors are represented as 2 dimensional Computer Aided Design (CAD) files depicting each detector’s field of view. The performance Targets for each area are set according to their local hazards and escalation risks. This information is stored in a ‘Grademap’ file. A custom software system then ‘overlays’ each relevant detector’s footprint onto the Grademap and, using a truth table, constructs a graphical image of the coverage afforded by the area’s detectors. The finished graphical file is known as the ‘assessment’ file and provides an objective estimate of that area’s flame detection coverage physical obstruction and hazard grading, an interaction that is virtually impossible visualize without computer assistance.
In the example shown below the areas shown in green meet the flame detection coverage targets, those areas in orange and yellow meet restricted targets while those in red have poor coverage and may require revision. The tabular summary provides quantitative data on the hazard coverage.
Typical Fire Detection Assessment



Gas Detection Coverage Assessment

GDA uses a number of simplifying assumptions in order to make it possible to assess sites. It is assumed that all gas detectors are either ‘point’ or ‘open path’ gas detectors, and that gas is detected if the accumulation envelopes a detector or intersects the track of an open path detector. Other types of inferential gas detector technologies including ultrasonic gas detection measures are no presently modelled by GDA, primarily because they effectively respond to release rates rather than gas concentrations.
Each area assessed is represented as a regular orthogonal volume specified in terms of its length, width and height (or, using conventional Cartesian coordinates, X, Y and Z dimensions). The assessment result is, by definition a three dimensional structure which cannot easily be rendered on two dimensional paper, and the results of the assessment are available both as a numerical summary and as a series of horizontal ‘slices’ through the volume. These slices are available at various intervals and, for clarity; one representative slice for each area will be reproduced in this study.
Typical Gas Detection Assessment



Summary
The use of fire and gas mapping clearly defines the risk and the precautions needed to be able to detect fires and gas releases. The methods used allow the designer to optimize the design and achieve the best possible balance between safety and economy. This practice improves safety and reduces operating costs by ensuring that the number of devices used is minimized while the required level of safety is maintained. All responsible fire and gas detector manufacturers should offer this service.